diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 14a3eb2..92c8852 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@babel/eslint-parser": "7.28.4",
-    "@types/node": "24.8.1",
+    "@types/node": "24.9.1",
     "@vitest/coverage-v8": "3.2.4",
     "eslint": "9.38.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "61.1.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "61.1.5",
     "typescript": "5.9.3",
     "vitest": "3.2.4"
   }
diff --git a/src/column.js b/src/column.js
index a781290..1d97545 100644
--- a/src/column.js
+++ b/src/column.js
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-import { unconvert } from './unconvert.js'
-import { writePlain } from './plain.js'
-import { snappyCompress } from './snappy.js'
 import { ByteWriter } from './bytewriter.js'
 import { writeDataPageV2, writePageHeader } from './datapage.js'
+import { writePlain } from './plain.js'
+import { snappyCompress } from './snappy.js'
+import { unconvert } from './unconvert.js'
 
 /**
  * @param {Writer} writer
- * @param {SchemaElement[]} schemaPath
+ * @param {ColumnEncoder} column
  * @param {DecodedArray} values
- * @param {boolean} compressed
  * @param {boolean} stats
  * @returns {ColumnMetaData}
  */
-export function writeColumn(writer, schemaPath, values, compressed, stats) {
-  const element = schemaPath[schemaPath.length - 1]
-  const { type, type_length } = element
-  if (!type) throw new Error(`column ${element.name} cannot determine type`)
+export function writeColumn(writer, column, values, stats) {
+  const { columnName, element, schemaPath, compressed } = column
+  const { type } = element
+  if (!type) throw new Error(`column ${columnName} cannot determine type`)
   const offsetStart = writer.offset
+
   const num_values = values.length
   /** @type {Encoding[]} */
   const encodings = []
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ export function writeColumn(writer, schemaPath, values, compressed, stats) {
 
     // write unconverted dictionary page
     const unconverted = unconvert(element, dictionary)
-    writeDictionaryPage(writer, unconverted, type, type_length, compressed)
+    writeDictionaryPage(writer, column, unconverted)
 
     // write data page with dictionary indexes
     data_page_offset = BigInt(writer.offset)
-    writeDataPageV2(writer, indexes, schemaPath, 'RLE_DICTIONARY', compressed)
+    writeDataPageV2(writer, indexes, column, 'RLE_DICTIONARY')
     encodings.push('RLE_DICTIONARY')
   } else {
     // unconvert values from rich types to simple
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export function writeColumn(writer, schemaPath, values, compressed, stats) {
 
     // write data page
     const encoding = type === 'BOOLEAN' && values.length > 16 ? 'RLE' : 'PLAIN'
-    writeDataPageV2(writer, values, schemaPath, encoding, compressed)
+    writeDataPageV2(writer, values, column, encoding)
     encodings.push(encoding)
   }
 
@@ -90,14 +90,15 @@ function useDictionary(values, type) {
 
 /**
  * @param {Writer} writer
+ * @param {ColumnEncoder} column
  * @param {DecodedArray} dictionary
- * @param {ParquetType} type
- * @param {number | undefined} fixedLength
- * @param {boolean} compressed
  */
-function writeDictionaryPage(writer, dictionary, type, fixedLength, compressed) {
+function writeDictionaryPage(writer, column, dictionary) {
+  const { element, compressed } = column
+  const { type, type_length } = element
+  if (!type) throw new Error(`column ${column.columnName} cannot determine type`)
   const dictionaryPage = new ByteWriter()
-  writePlain(dictionaryPage, dictionary, type, fixedLength)
+  writePlain(dictionaryPage, dictionary, type, type_length)
 
   // compress dictionary page data
   let compressedDictionaryPage = dictionaryPage
@@ -120,8 +121,8 @@ function writeDictionaryPage(writer, dictionary, type, fixedLength, compressed)
 }
 
 /**
- * @import {ColumnMetaData, DecodedArray, Encoding, ParquetType, SchemaElement, Statistics} from 'hyparquet'
- * @import {Writer} from '../src/types.js'
+ * @import {ColumnMetaData, DecodedArray, Encoding, ParquetType, Statistics} from 'hyparquet'
+ * @import {ColumnEncoder, Writer} from '../src/types.js'
  * @param {DecodedArray} values
  * @returns {Statistics}
  */
diff --git a/src/datapage.js b/src/datapage.js
index bb4704d..c1464e4 100644
--- a/src/datapage.js
+++ b/src/datapage.js
@@ -7,23 +7,22 @@ import { serializeTCompactProtocol } from './thrift.js'
 import { getMaxDefinitionLevel, getMaxRepetitionLevel } from './schema.js'
 
 /**
- * @import {Writer} from '../src/types.js'
  * @param {Writer} writer
  * @param {DecodedArray} values
- * @param {SchemaElement[]} schemaPath
+ * @param {ColumnEncoder} column
  * @param {import('hyparquet').Encoding} encoding
- * @param {boolean} compressed
  */
-export function writeDataPageV2(writer, values, schemaPath, encoding, compressed) {
-  const { name, type, type_length, repetition_type } = schemaPath[schemaPath.length - 1]
+export function writeDataPageV2(writer, values, column, encoding) {
+  const { columnName, element, compressed } = column
+  const { type, type_length, repetition_type } = element
 
-  if (!type) throw new Error(`column ${name} cannot determine type`)
-  if (repetition_type === 'REPEATED') throw new Error(`column ${name} repeated types not supported`)
+  if (!type) throw new Error(`column ${columnName} cannot determine type`)
+  if (repetition_type === 'REPEATED') throw new Error(`column ${columnName} repeated types not supported`)
 
   // write levels to temp buffer
-  const levels = new ByteWriter()
+  const levelWriter = new ByteWriter()
   const { definition_levels_byte_length, repetition_levels_byte_length, num_nulls }
-     = writeLevels(levels, schemaPath, values)
+    = writeLevels(levelWriter, column, values)
 
   const nonnull = values.filter(v => v !== null && v !== undefined)
 
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ export function writeDataPageV2(writer, values, schemaPath, encoding, compressed
   // write page header
   writePageHeader(writer, {
     type: 'DATA_PAGE_V2',
-    uncompressed_page_size: levels.offset + page.offset,
-    compressed_page_size: levels.offset + compressedPage.offset,
+    uncompressed_page_size: levelWriter.offset + page.offset,
+    compressed_page_size: levelWriter.offset + compressedPage.offset,
     data_page_header_v2: {
       num_values: values.length,
       num_nulls,
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ export function writeDataPageV2(writer, values, schemaPath, encoding, compressed
   })
 
   // write levels
-  writer.appendBuffer(levels.getBuffer())
+  writer.appendBuffer(levelWriter.getBuffer())
 
   // write page data
   writer.appendBuffer(compressedPage.getBuffer())
@@ -111,12 +110,19 @@ export function writePageHeader(writer, header) {
 
 /**
  * @import {DecodedArray, PageHeader, SchemaElement} from 'hyparquet'
+ * @import {ColumnEncoder, Writer} from '../src/types.js'
  * @param {Writer} writer
- * @param {SchemaElement[]} schemaPath
+ * @param {ColumnEncoder} column
  * @param {DecodedArray} values
- * @returns {{ definition_levels_byte_length: number, repetition_levels_byte_length: number, num_nulls: number}}
+ * @returns {{
+ *   definition_levels_byte_length: number
+ *   repetition_levels_byte_length: number
+ *   num_nulls: number
+ * }}
  */
-function writeLevels(writer, schemaPath, values) {
+function writeLevels(writer, column, values) {
+  const { schemaPath } = column
+
   let num_nulls = 0
 
   // TODO: repetition levels
diff --git a/src/parquet-writer.js b/src/parquet-writer.js
index 4c6ff20..64da80d 100644
--- a/src/parquet-writer.js
+++ b/src/parquet-writer.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getSchemaPath } from 'hyparquet/src/schema.js'
 import { writeColumn } from './column.js'
 import { writeMetadata } from './metadata.js'
 
@@ -5,7 +6,7 @@ import { writeMetadata } from './metadata.js'
  * ParquetWriter class allows incremental writing of parquet files.
  *
  * @import {ColumnChunk, FileMetaData, KeyValue, RowGroup, SchemaElement} from 'hyparquet'
- * @import {ColumnSource, Writer} from '../src/types.js'
+ * @import {ColumnEncoder, ColumnSource, Writer} from '../src/types.js'
  * @param {object} options
  * @param {Writer} options.writer
  * @param {SchemaElement[]} options.schema
@@ -47,11 +48,39 @@ ParquetWriter.prototype.write = function({ columnData, rowGroupSize = 100000 })
 
     // write columns
     for (let j = 0; j < columnData.length; j++) {
-      const { data } = columnData[j]
-      const schemaPath = [this.schema[0], this.schema[j + 1]]
+      const { name, data } = columnData[j]
       const groupData = data.slice(groupStartIndex, groupStartIndex + groupSize)
+
+      const schemaTree = getSchemaPath(this.schema, [name])
+      // Dive into the leaf element
+      while (true) {
+        const child = schemaTree[schemaTree.length - 1]
+        if (!child.element.num_children) {
+          break
+        } else if (child.element.num_children === 1) {
+          schemaTree.push(child.children[0])
+        } else {
+          throw new Error(`parquet column ${name} struct unsupported`)
+        }
+      }
+      const schemaPath = schemaTree.map(node => node.element)
+      const element = schemaPath.at(-1)
+      if (!element) throw new Error(`parquet column ${name} missing schema element`)
+      /** @type {ColumnEncoder} */
+      const column = {
+        columnName: name,
+        element,
+        schemaPath,
+        compressed: this.compressed,
+      }
+
       const file_offset = BigInt(this.writer.offset)
-      const meta_data = writeColumn(this.writer, schemaPath, groupData, this.compressed, this.statistics)
+      const meta_data = writeColumn(
+        this.writer,
+        column,
+        groupData,
+        this.statistics
+      )
 
       // save column chunk metadata
       columns.push({
diff --git a/src/types.d.ts b/src/types.d.ts
index f5a168e..0656e36 100644
--- a/src/types.d.ts
+++ b/src/types.d.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ export interface ColumnSource {
   nullable?: boolean
 }
 
+export interface ColumnEncoder {
+  columnName: string
+  element: SchemaElement
+  schemaPath: SchemaElement[]
+  compressed: boolean
+}
+
 export interface Writer {
   buffer: ArrayBuffer
   view: DataView
diff --git a/test/write.roundtrip.test.js b/test/write.roundtrip.test.js
index f79b40f..a6b4c4f 100644
--- a/test/write.roundtrip.test.js
+++ b/test/write.roundtrip.test.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe('parquetWrite round-trip', () => {
       const schemaTree = parquetSchema(metadata)
       const columnData = schemaTree.children.map(({ element }) => ({
         name: element.name,
-        data: /** @type {any[]} */ ([]),
+        data: new Array(),
       }))
       for (const row of rows) {
         for (const { name, data } of columnData) {