docs.sheetjs.com/docz/docs/03-demos/04-static/08-nextjs.md

---
title: NextJS
pagination_prev: demos/net/index
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---

import current from '/version.js';
import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';

:::note

This was tested against `next v13.1.1` on 2023 January 14.

:::

:::info

At a high level, there are two ways to pull spreadsheet data into NextJS apps:
loading an asset module or performing the file read operations from the NextJS
lifecycle.  At the time of writing, NextJS does not offer an out-of-the-box
asset module solution, so this demo focuses on raw operations.  NextJS does not
watch the spreadsheets, so `next dev` hot reloading will not work!

:::

The general strategy with NextJS apps is to generate HTML snippets or data from
the lifecycle functions and reference them in the template.

HTML output can be generated using `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html` and inserted into
the document using the `dangerouslySetInnerHTML` attribute:

```jsx
export default function Index({html, type}) { return (
  // ...
// highlight-next-line
  <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: html }} />
  // ...
); }
```

:::warning Reading and writing files during the build process

`fs` cannot be statically imported from the top level in NextJS pages.  The
dynamic import must happen within a lifecycle function.  For example:

```js
/* it is safe to import the library from the top level */
import { readFile, utils, set_fs } from 'xlsx';
/* it is not safe to import 'fs' from the top level ! */
// import * as fs from 'fs'; // this will fail
import { join } from 'path';
import { cwd } from 'process';

export async function getServerSideProps() {
// highlight-next-line
  set_fs(await import("fs")); // dynamically import 'fs' when needed
  const wb = readFile(join(cwd(), "public", "sheetjs.xlsx")); // works
  // ...
}
```

:::

:::caution Next 13+ and SWC

Next 13 switched to the SWC minifier. There are known issues with the minifier.
Until those issues are resolved, SWC should be disabled in `next.config.js`:

```js title="next.config.js"
module.exports = {
// highlight-next-line
  swcMinify: false
};
```

:::

## NextJS Strategies

NextJS currently provides 3 strategies:

- "Static Site Generation" using `getStaticProps`
- "SSG with Dynamic Routes" using `getStaticPaths`
- "Server-Side Rendering" using `getServerSideProps`

### Static Site Generation

When using `getStaticProps`, the file will be read once during build time.

```js
import { readFile, set_fs, utils } from 'xlsx';

export async function getStaticProps() {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path_to_file)

  /* generate and return the html from the first worksheet */
  const html = utils.sheet_to_html(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);
  return { props: { html } };
};
```

### Dynamic Routes

Typically a static site with dynamic routes has an endpoint `/sheets/[id]` that
implements both `getStaticPaths` and `getStaticProps`.

- `getStaticPaths` should return an array of worksheet indices:

```js
export async function getStaticPaths() {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path);

  /* generate an array of objects that will be used for generating pages */
  const paths = wb.SheetNames.map((name, idx) => ({ params: { id: idx.toString() } }));
  return { paths, fallback: false };
};
```

:::note

For a pure static site, `fallback` must be set to `false`!

:::

- `getStaticProps` will generate the actual HTML for each page:

```js
export async function getStaticProps(ctx) {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path);

  /* get the corresponding worksheet and generate HTML */
  const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[ctx.params.id]]; // id from getStaticPaths
  const html = utils.sheet_to_html(ws);
  return { props: { html } };
};
```

### Server-Side Rendering

:::caution Do not use on a static site

These routes require a NodeJS dynamic server. Static page generation will fail!

`getStaticProps` and `getStaticPaths` support static site generation (SSG).

`getServerSideProps` is suited for NodeJS hosted deployments where the workbook
changes frequently and a static site is undesirable.

:::

When using `getServerSideProps`, the file will be read on each request.

```js
import { readFile, set_fs, utils } from 'xlsx';

export async function getServerSideProps() {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path_to_file);

  /* generate and return the html from the first worksheet */
  const html = utils.sheet_to_html(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);
  return { props: { html } };
};
```

## Demo

0) Disable NextJS telemetry:

```js
npx next@13.1.1 telemetry disable
```

Confirm it is disabled by running

```js
npx next@13.1.1 telemetry status
```

1) Set up folder structure.  At the end, a `pages` folder with a `sheets`
   subfolder must be created.  On Linux or MacOS or WSL:

```bash
mkdir -p pages/sheets/
```

2) Download the [test file](pathname:///next/sheetjs.xlsx) and place in the
   project root.  On Linux or MacOS or WSL:

```bash
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/sheetjs.xlsx
```

3) Install dependencies:

<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz next@13.1.1`}
</CodeBlock>

4) Download test scripts:

Download and place the following scripts in the `pages` subfolder:

- [`index.js`](pathname:///next/index.js)
- [`getServerSideProps.js`](pathname:///next/getServerSideProps.js)
- [`getStaticPaths.js`](pathname:///next/getStaticPaths.js)
- [`getStaticProps.js`](pathname:///next/getStaticProps.js)

Download [`[id].js`](pathname:///next/%5Bid%5D.js) and place in the
`pages/sheets` subfolder.

:::caution Percent-Encoding in the script name

The `[id].js` script must have the literal square brackets in the name. If your
browser saved the file to `%5Bid%5D.js`. rename the file.

:::

On Linux or MacOS or WSL:

```bash
cd pages
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/index.js
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/getServerSideProps.js
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/getStaticPaths.js
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/getStaticProps.js
cd sheets
curl -LOg 'https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/[id].js'
cd ../..
```

5) Test the deployment:

```bash
npx next@13.1.1
```

Open a web browser and access:

- `http://localhost:3000` landing page
- `http://localhost:3000/getStaticProps` shows data from the first sheet
- `http://localhost:3000/getServerSideProps` shows data from the first sheet
- `http://localhost:3000/getStaticPaths` shows a list (3 sheets)

The individual worksheets are available at

- `http://localhost:3000/sheets/0`
- `http://localhost:3000/sheets/1`
- `http://localhost:3000/sheets/2`

6) Stop the server and run a production build:

```bash
npx next@13.1.1 build
```

The final output will show a list of the routes and types:

```
Route (pages)                              Size     First Load JS
┌ ○ /                                      541 B          77.4 kB
├ ○ /404                                   181 B          73.7 kB
├ λ /getServerSideProps                    594 B          77.4 kB
├ ● /getStaticPaths                        2.56 kB        79.4 kB
├ ● /getStaticProps                        591 B          77.4 kB
└ ● /sheets/[id] (447 ms)                  569 B          77.4 kB
    ├ /sheets/0
    ├ /sheets/1
    └ /sheets/2
```

As explained in the summary, the `/getStaticPaths` and `/getStaticProps` routes
are completely static.  3 `/sheets/#` pages were generated, corresponding to 3
worksheets in the file.  `/getServerSideProps` is server-rendered.

7) Try to build a static site:

```bash
npx next@13.1.1 export
```

:::note The static export will fail!

A static page cannot be generated at this point because `/getServerSideProps`
is still server-rendered.

:::

8) Delete `pages/getServerSideProps.js` and rebuild:

```bash
rm -f pages/getServerSideProps.js
npx next@13.1.1 build
```

Inspecting the output, there should be no lines with the `λ` symbol:

```
Route (pages)                              Size     First Load JS
┌ ○ /                                      541 B          77.4 kB
├ ○ /404                                   181 B          73.7 kB
├ ● /getStaticPaths                        2.56 kB        79.4 kB
├ ● /getStaticProps                        591 B          77.4 kB
└ ● /sheets/[id] (459 ms)                  569 B          77.4 kB
    ├ /sheets/0
    ├ /sheets/1
    └ /sheets/2
```

9) Generate the static site:

```bash
npx next@13.1.1 export
```

The static site will be written to the `out` subfolder, which can be hosted with

```bash
npx http-server out
```

The command will start a local HTTP server for testing the generated site. Note
that `/getServerSideProps` will 404 since the page was removed.